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Home energy storage：Balances power demand, supports residential photovoltaic systems, and provides backup during power outages.

Commercial energy storage：Balances power demand during peak and off-peak periods to reduce electricity costs.

Grid energy storage：Enhances grid stability, supports the integration of renewable energy, and responds to sudden power demands.

Electric vehicles：Store and provide power.

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Understand relevant standards and requirements：
First, it's important to familiarize yourself with the safety standards for the market or region of interest. For example, in the United States, energy storage batteries typically need to comply with UL (Underwriters Laboratories) standards, while in Europe, they may need to meet CE mark requirements.

Choose a certification body：
Select an appropriate certification body based on the required certification standards. Common certification organizations include UL, TÜV Rheinland, and SGS.

Prepare documentation and materials：
Prepare the technical documents, design drawings, and test reports for the product. These documents typically include product specifications, material descriptions, and user manuals.

Conduct testing：
Submit the product to the certification body for testing. These tests will assess the battery's safety and performance under various conditions, such as overcharging, short circuits, and high temperatures.

Rectification and improvement：
Based on the test results, it may be necessary to make improvements and modifications to the product to meet certification standards.

Obtain certification：
Once the product passes all necessary tests and evaluations, the certification body will issue the corresponding certification. This typically includes a mark or certificate indicating that the product complies with relevant safety standards.

Ongoing monitoring and maintenance：
After certification is obtained, the product may need to undergo regular retesting and audits to ensure continued compliance with standards. Additionally, ongoing quality assurance measures may need to be followed.

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Lifespan is typically measured in charge-discharge cycles, with each complete charge and discharge counting as one cycle.

Lithium-ion batteries generally have between 1,000 to 5,000 cycles, while lead-acid batteries have fewer cycles.

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Maintain an appropriate charging range: Avoid overcharging and deep discharging.  
Ensure proper environmental conditions: Keep the battery operating within the recommended temperature range.  
Regular maintenance: Periodically check the battery's condition and the system's operational status.

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